Basic Numeric Functions
abs
int abs(int x)
Returns the absolute value of x.
If x is negative, then the result is -x; otherwise, the result is x. The number x can be either integer or
floating-point; the result is of the same kind.
min
int min(int x, ...)
Return the smallest of it's arguments.
All of the arguments must be numbers of the same kind (i.e., either integer or floating-point); otherwise E_TYPE is
raised.
max
int max(int x, ...)
Return the largest of it's arguments.
All of the arguments must be numbers of the same kind (i.e., either integer or floating-point); otherwise E_TYPE is
raised.
random
int random([int mod, [int range]])
random -- Return a random integer
mod must be a positive integer; otherwise, E_INVARG is raised. If mod is not provided, it defaults to the largest MOO
integer, which will depend on if you are running 32 or 64-bit.
if range is provided then an integer in the range of mod to range (inclusive) is returned.
random(10) => integer between 1-10
random() => integer between 1 and maximum integer supported
random(1, 5000) => integer between 1 and 5000
floatstr
str floatstr(float x, int precision [, scientific])
Converts x into a string with more control than provided by either tostr() or toliteral().
Precision is the number of digits to appear to the right of the decimal point, capped at 4 more than the maximum
available precision, a total of 19 on most machines; this makes it possible to avoid rounding errors if the resulting
string is subsequently read back as a floating-point value. If scientific is false or not provided, the result is a
string in the form "MMMMMMM.DDDDDD", preceded by a minus sign if and only if x is negative. If scientific is provided
and true, the result is a string in the form "M.DDDDDDe+EEE", again preceded by a minus sign if and only if x is
negative.
Trigonometric Functions
sin
float sin(float x)
Returns the sine of x.
cos
float cos(float x)
Returns the cosine of x.
tan
float tan(float x)
Returns the tangent of x.
asin
float asin(float x)
Returns the arc-sine (inverse sine) of x, in the range [-pi/2..pi/2]
Raises E_INVARG if x is outside the range [-1.0..1.0].
acos
float acos(float x)
Returns the arc-cosine (inverse cosine) of x, in the range [0..pi]
Raises E_INVARG if x is outside the range [-1.0..1.0].
atan
float atan(float y [, float x])
Returns the arc-tangent (inverse tangent) of y in the range [-pi/2..pi/2].
if x is not provided, or of y/x in the range [-pi..pi] if x is provided.
Hyperbolic Functions
sinh
float sinh(float x)
Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.
cosh
float cosh(float x)
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.
tanh
float tanh(float x)
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.
asinh
float asinh(num x)
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.
acosh
float acosh(num x)
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.
Raises E_INVARG if x is less than 1.
atanh
float atanh(num x)
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.
Note: The result is undefined (NaN or infinity) if |x| >= 1.
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
exp
float exp(float x)
Returns e raised to the power of x.
log
float log(float x)
Returns the natural logarithm of x.
Raises E_INVARG if x is not positive.
log10
float log10(float x)
Returns the base 10 logarithm of x.
Raises E_INVARG if x is not positive.
sqrt
float sqrt(float x)
Returns the square root of x.
Raises E_INVARG if x is negative.
cbrt
float cbrt(num x)
Returns the cube root of x. Unlike sqrt(), this works for negative numbers.
cbrt(8) => 2.0
cbrt(-27) => -3.0
exp2
float exp2(num x)
Returns 2 raised to the power of x.
exp2(3) => 8.0
exp2(0.5) => 1.4142135623730951
expm1
float expm1(num x)
Returns e^x - 1 in a way that is accurate even when x is close to zero.
This is more accurate than computing exp(x) - 1 directly for small values of x.
log2
float log2(num x)
Returns the base-2 logarithm of x.
Raises E_INVARG if x is not positive.
log2(8) => 3.0
log2(256) => 8.0
ln1p
float ln1p(num x)
Returns ln(1+x) in a way that is accurate even when x is close to zero.
This is more accurate than computing log(1 + x) directly for small values of x.
Raises E_INVARG if x is less than or equal to -1.
hypot
float hypot(num x, num y)
Returns sqrt(x² + y²), computed in a way that avoids overflow and underflow.
Useful for calculating the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle or the distance between two points.
hypot(3, 4) => 5.0
Angle Conversion Functions
to_degrees
float to_degrees(num x)
Converts x from radians to degrees.
to_degrees(3.14159265358979) => 180.0
to_radians
float to_radians(num x)
Converts x from degrees to radians.
to_radians(180) => 3.14159265358979
Rounding Functions
ceil
float ceil(float x)
Returns the smallest integer not less than x, as a floating-point number.
floor
float floor(float x)
Returns the largest integer not greater than x, as a floating-point number.
trunc
float trunc(float x)
Returns the integer obtained by truncating x at the decimal point, as a floating-point number.
For negative x, this is equivalent to ceil(); otherwise it is equivalent to floor().
round
float round(num x)
Returns x rounded to the nearest integer, as a floating-point number. Halfway cases round away from zero.
round(2.3) => 2.0
round(2.5) => 3.0
round(-2.5) => -3.0
fract
float fract(num x)
Returns the fractional part of x (equivalent to x - trunc(x)).
fract(3.14) => 0.14
fract(-3.14) => -0.14
signum
float signum(num x)
Returns the sign of x: 1.0 if x is positive, -1.0 if negative, or 0.0 if zero.
signum(42) => 1.0
signum(-17) => -1.0
signum(0) => 0.0
recip
float recip(num x)
Returns the reciprocal (1/x) of x.
recip(2) => 0.5
recip(0.5) => 2.0
copysign
float copysign(num magnitude, num sign)
Returns a value with the magnitude of the first argument and the sign of the second.
copysign(5.0, -1.0) => -5.0
copysign(-5.0, 1.0) => 5.0